Even before the treatment of the risks, information about identified risks can be very valuable to manage incidents and can help to reduce potential damage. Awareness by managers and staff of the risks, the nature of the controls in place to mitigate the risks and the areas of concern to the organization assist in dealing with incidents and unexpected events in the most effective manner.
The detailed results of every activity of the information security risk management process and from the two risk decision points should be documented. Your email address will not be published. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Leave a Reply Cancel reply Your email address will not be published. Home Blog FR. Search Submit. We take care of testing from start to finish So you can focus on what you do best We get it, we're the only ones in the room excited by testing.
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Practical UV Testing Guide Sunlight exposure can have harmful impacts on carbon-based materials such as coatings, polymers, textiles, and many others. How can we help? Call Request a Quote. All Rights Reserved. Micom Laboratories uses cookies to enhance your experience and understand the traffic on our site.
By continuing to use our site, you accept our use of cookies. Close Privacy Overview This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. It assessed revenue streams and concluded that ASTM needed a new membership structure and better marketing strategies for its income-generating products, notably the Book of Standards.
Most administrative functions were to be performed by the staff, enabling committee members to concentrate on technical standards work. Characteristically, Cavanaugh focused on strategic goals and gave staff members wide latitude in implementing the new departure. To measure staff performance, department heads introduced short-range and long-range fiscal projections, production goals, and other managerial systems borrowed from the corporate sector. Externally, ASTM reached far beyond its mainstay in industrial standards and entered rapidly-growing markets for consumer products and environmental standards.
The s had marked the beginning of the modern consumer age, when millions of middle-class families bought automatic washing machines, electric dryers, home freezers, television sets, and a large variety of other consumer items. American consumer-goods industries remained the undisputed leaders in this sector for close to two decades, but the steadily-growing availability of Japanese and European imports revealed problems with the quality of some American-made products.
This trend coincided with the social activism of the late s, which precipitated the rise of a grass-roots consumer rights movement. This formed the backdrop to the passage of the Consumer Products Safety Act in , establishing a federal commission with the power to promulgate consumer product standards. At about the time that ASTM was enjoying a new partnership with consumer advocacy groups, a new regulatory storm gathered on the horizon.
The mid s saw a rash of legislation aimed at federalizing the American standards development system—a formidable threat to the voluntary standards system that had prevailed since the early 20th century. In recognition of this fact, we have done everything possible to keep the cost of participation in the ASTM process at a minimum.
Furthermore, Cavanaugh was committed to ensuring fair consumer participation in technical committee work. It is also the reason that we have gone so far as to suspend any meeting registration fees that ASTM has had. ASTM soon accumulated an outstanding record in consumer products standards. Committee F-8 on Sports Equipment and Facilities, a pioneer in this field, issued its first standard test method for football helmets in , followed by a steady stream of new initiatives involving footwear, ice hockey equipment, playing surfaces and facilities, and headgear.
Established ASTM committees also contributed to the quest for consumer standards. Organized consumer activism started to wane in the late s, but its effects remain evident. ASTM established mechanisms such as the Consumer Sounding Board, by which consumers could provide input into the technical requirements of standards.
The environment was yet another area where ASTM established a major presence during the s. As in consumer products, social activism and government intervention were important factors. Federal initiatives soon followed, including the passage of the Clean Air Act of that set standards for automobile emissions. EPA, which was formed in , used ASTM standards for electrical generating plants, petroleum tests, and water as a basis for its own standards. Furthermore, industries with interests in environmental protection solicited the assistance of ASTM, leading to the formation of new technical committees such as F on Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response and E on Pesticides.
Committee E worked on such diverse subjects as storage, transportation, and disposal of hazardous agents, occupational exposure standards, medical examinations and first-aid treatment, protective equipment, and control. Some of the most significant work was done by Committee F-1 on Electronics, which focused increasingly on semiconductor technology.
Building on the development of solid-state amplifiers by the Bell Telephone Laboratories in the s, the semiconductor industry quickly became a major growth sector in the American and Japanese economies.
Committee F-1 supplied IBM and other major manufacturers with widely-adopted standards for silicone, a material that required precise quality control techniques at the molecular level.
The Committee reached a milestone with the Specification for Monocrystalline Silicon Surfaces F that enabled producers to assess material characteristics such as flatness, finish, and tolerances.
Technologically, globalization fed on new communication systems that allowed instant access to and exchange of information across continents. Politically, the lowering of tariff barriers in North America and Western Europe created vast new markets in which global producers competed head-on.
The buzzwords of the new, interdependent world economy were cost efficiency, customer orientation, and the ability to respond quickly to changes in the global marketplace.
Globalization compelled ASTM and its international counterparts to cooperate across national boundaries. In the postwar era, American voluntary standards had reigned supreme because U. The International Organization for Standardization ISO , for example, had frequently used ASTM standards as platforms for international standards in key areas such as steel, petroleum, and industrial chemicals. The end of American industrial supremacy and the rise of a multipolar world economy turned international standards development into a two-way street as American standards users paid more attention to the specific needs of emerging markets.
ASTM facilitated this trend by continuing to encourage international participation in technical committee work, and by establishing an overseas office in London.
International cooperation led to increased awareness of the fact that incompatible standards and certification became trade barriers in the new global economy. Where this reciprocity is lacking, American refrigerators and baseball bats sit on foreign docks, devoid of that magic local approval mark—soaking up sunshine and billions of dollars.
Absent official action, ASTM continued its long-standing practice of using both English and metric measurements in all its specifications, thus helping to break down trade barriers that could exclude products in the global market.
Although these and other traditions enabled ASTM to master the transition into the new global economy, structural changes were necessary to meet the needs of standards users in an increasingly competitive environment. Responding to industry concerns about the relatively slow pace of standards development during the s, ASTM introduced more restrictive timelines that helped technical committees stay focused on deliverables.
ISR was primarily designed for accelerated standards research programs that exceeded the capacities of the traditional committee management system. Based on a committee proposal for a given activity, ISR developed a plan to fund the required research, contacted potential sponsors, selected appropriate research organizations, and provided continuous support during the research phase.
Major activities that evolved along these lines included a unified classification scheme for advanced ceramics and projects on fire standards, degradable polymers, clothing sizing, and a wetlands standards program. These courses provide continuing education in the performance and use of ASTM and other standards in areas such as petroleum, plastics, paint, steel, environmental subjects and many other areas. Programs have been launched in metals plain carbon and low-alloy steel, stainless steels, and gold in bullion , petroleum, plastics, and more.
The new building, which was completed in , provided ultra-modern conference facilities for technical committees, ample work space for headquarters staff, and prepared ASTM to meet the challenges of the 21st century.
Also that year, the organization launched its Memorandum of Understanding program to support standards-related efforts in developing nations and regions. By , the program grew to reach more than signatories.
With a growing number of non-U. Over 25 new technical committees launched in the 21st century, attracting thousands of new members into ASTM International. Several of these committees are supporting the growth of smart manufacturing with new standards in aviation, biotechnology, nanotechnology, pharmaceuticals, unmanned vehicles, 3D printing, and other areas.
Other new committees are focused on sustainability and the environment. Still other committees are growing due to the need for standards in the services sector. For a full list of technical committees, go here. At the turn of the century, ASTM led the way with online forums to help its members develop standards.
This first-of-its-kind tool allowed members to work on standards between their twice-annual in-person meetings. This fostered transparency and helped reduce inadvertent duplication of efforts. Notably, in , the Digital Library launched, making available tens of thousands of technical papers amassed by ASTM International over the course of many decades.
This free membership category attracted thousands of students from around the world in engineering and other fields. In addition, ASTM International began to focus on academic outreach more broadly, providing professors and departments with tailored, online information to introduce students to standards and the standards development process.
This free benefit to members supports the reproducibility and repeatability of test methods, leading to the creation of precision and bias statements. This paved the way for a major announcement in , when the Safety Equipment Institute SEI , an already-established leader in working with labs and manufacturers to provide certification services, became an affiliate of ASTM international. After serving as executive vice president during a transition period of two years, she became president on Feb.
User account menu Log in. Resistance to Standards Progress was nevertheless slow. Equipped with an effective concept for consensus-building through technical committee work, ASTM soon ventured beyond the steel, cement and other industries involved in the railroad sector and developed standard Back to Top. Industrial Mobilization in World War II The trends of the s—advances in test methods, close cooperation between government and industry, and mass production techniques—converged during World War II, when ASTM joined the industrial mobilization effort.
ASTM in the Postwar Economy The relationship between ASTM, the federal government, and private industry remained vital throughout the postwar era, most obviously in defense procurement. New Partnerships Externally, ASTM reached far beyond its mainstay in industrial standards and entered rapidly-growing markets for consumer products and environmental standards.
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